1923

1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January

• January 1 - Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies
• January 10 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel
• January 11 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments
• January 17 - Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.

February

• February 29 - Barcelona (Catalonia): Albert Einstein visits the city, invited by the scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa, as part of the monografics course of High Studies and Exchange organized by the Mancomunitat de Catalunya and conducted by Rafael de Campalans.

March

• March - Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias.
• March 1 - USS Connecticut decommissioned
• March 1 - Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.
• March 2 - Time Magazine hits newsstands for the first time
• March 9 - Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
• March 28 - Regia Aeronautica, air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.

April

• April - End of Irish Civil War
• April 12 - Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
• April 23 - Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia Seaport
• April 26 - Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey

May

• May 23 - Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines
• May 27 - Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members

June

• June 9 - Military coup in Bulgaria - prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14)
• June 18 - Etna volcano erupts - 60.000 made homeless
• June 25 - Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the Griviţa railroad workers. The name given at the time was CFR Bucureşti.

July

• July 10 - Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostow, Soviet Union
• July 19-20 night - Assassination of Pancho Villa
• July 24 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War

August

• August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States, (1921 - 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929).
• August 13 - First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport
• August 13 - Gustav Stresemann is named chancellor and founds a coalition government in Weimar Republic Germany

September

• September 1 - Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people
• September 4 - In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS Shenandoah, takes to the sky for the first time
• September 6 - Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation of murder of an Italian officer. League of Nations protests and they leave September 29
• September 8 - Honda Point Disaster: Seven US Navy destroyers ran aground off the California coast.
• September 9 - Atatürk founded the CHP.
• September 10 - Ireland joins League of Nations.
• September 13 - Military coup in Spain - Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
• September 18 - 26 - Newspaper printers strike in New York
• September 26 - In Bayern, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin

October

• October 13 - Ankara replaces Constantinople as the capital of Turkey.
• October 16 - The Walt Disney Company is founded by Walt Disney and his brother, Roy.
• October 26 - in Persia, Reza Khan became Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
• October 29 - Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

November

• November 8 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government. Police and troops crush the attempt the next day
• November 12- Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
• November 15 - The hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 quadrillion). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency
• November 23 - Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses

December

• December 12 - Po river dam bursts - 600 dead
• December 27 - Assassination attempt against the crown prince of Japan in Tokyo

Unknown dates

• Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
• Interpol is set up.
• International Police Conference in Vienna
• Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in Egypt.
• Trade unions banned in Spain for 10 years.
• Police strike in Australia
• American Law Institute established
• Moderation League of New York became part of movement for repeal of prohibition in United States.
• Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire

Ongoing events

• Pontic Greek Genocide (1916–1923)

Births

January

• January 1 - Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)
• January 1 - Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d. 1944)
• January 5 - Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
• January 6 - Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
• January 7 - Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
• January 8 - Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
• January 16 - Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
• January 19 - Jean Stapleton, American actress
• January 23 - Stephanie Kwolek, Inventor of Kevlar fibers
• January 25 - Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• January 26 - Anne Jeffreys, American actress
• January 29 - Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
• January 31 - Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist

February

• February 2 - James Dickey, American poet and author (d. 1997)
• February 2 - Liz Smith, American gossip columnist
• February 9 - Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
• February 10 - Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer
• February 12 - Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
• February 13 - Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
• February 13 - Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official
• February 20 - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
• February 24 - David Soyer, American cellist
• February 27 - Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)

March

• March 4 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
• March 6 - Ed McMahon, American television personality
• March 9 - Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• March 10 - Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• March 12 - Wally Schirra, astronaut
• March 21 - Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga
• March 22 - Marcel Marceau, French Mime
• March 25 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
• March 26 - Bob Elliott, American comedian
• March 27 - Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
• March 30 - Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)

April

• April 2 - G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
• April 6 - Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)
• April 8 - George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)
• April 8 - Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (d. 1997)
• April 13 - Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d. 2005)
• April 20 - Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
• April 22 - Bettie Page, American model
• April 22 - Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer (d. 2006)
• April 23 - Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
• April 25 - Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
• April 30 - Al Lewis, American actor (d. 2006)

May

• May 1 - Joseph Heller, American novelist (d. 1999)
• May 2 - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland
• May 3 - Ralph Hall, American politician
• May 5 - Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)
• May 7 - Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
• May 10 - Verne Gagne, American professional wrestler
• May 13 - Bea Arthur, American actress
• May 15 - John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)
• May 16 - Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• May 18 - Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
• May 21 - Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)
• May 21 - Dorothy Hewett, writer (d. 2002)
• May 21 - Ara Parseghian, American football coach
• May 26 - James Arness, American actor
• May 27 - Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• May 28 - György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d. 2006)
• May 31 - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)

June

• June 10 - Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
• June 15 - Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
• June 24 - Jack Carter, American comedian
• June 27 - Gus Zernial, American baseball player

July

• July 2 - Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 4 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
• July 8 - Harrison Dillard, American athlete
• July 18 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
• July 20 - Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
• July 21 - Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 22 - Robert Joseph Dole, American politician and Presidential candidate
• July 22 - Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
• July 23 - Witto Aloma, Cuban Major League Baseball player (d. 1997)
• July 23 - Norma Zimmer, American singer
• July 23 - Estelle Getty, American actress

August

• August 5 - Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)
• August 16 - Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright
• August 20 - Jim Reeves, American singer (d. 1964)
• August 21 - Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• August 21 - Larry Grayson, British comedian and game show host (d. 1995)
• August 24 - Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
• August 26 - Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist

September

• September 1 - Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)
• September 1 - Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (d. 2006)
• September 3 - Mort Walker, American cartoonist
• September 6 - King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
• September 7 - Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress
• September 9 - Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• September 11 - Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Indian guru (d. 2003)
• September 16 - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
• September 17 - Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)
• September 18 - Queen Anne of Romania
• September 20 - Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
• September 22 - Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
• September 26 - Dev Anand, Indian actor

October

• October 3 - Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
• October 5 - Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)
• October 5 - Glynis Johns, British actress
• October 13 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player
• October 15 - Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
• October 17 - Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)
• October 23 - Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)
• October 23 - Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (d. 2000)
• October 24 - Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d. 1997)

November

• November 1 - Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d. 2005)
• November 1 - Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d. 2001)
• November 3 - Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Northern Irish clergyman (d. 1990)
• November 8 - Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
• November 18 - Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d. 1998)
• November 20 - Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• November 22 - Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
• November 23 - Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)
• November 25 - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland

December

• December 2 - Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
• December 12 - Bob Barker, American game show host
• December 13 - Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• December 13 - Larry Doby, baseball player (d. 2003)
• December 13 - Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter
• December 14 - Gerard Reve, Dutch writer (d. 2006)
• December 14 - Sully Boyar, American actor (d. 2001)
• December 15 - Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
• December 17 - Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian
• December 23 - Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor
• December 23 - James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral
• December 24 - George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)
• December 25 - Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d. 1944)

Unknown date

• Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, English/Canadian geologist and glaciologist

• Assi Rahbani, Lebanon, genius musician, songwriter and author

Deaths

• Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
• Carl L. Boeckmann Norwegian-American artist
• January 9 - Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b. 1888)
• January 23 - Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
• February 10 - Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• February 23 - Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)
• March 8 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
• March 26 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
• March 27 - Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
• April 4 - John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
• April 5 - George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
• June 9 - Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (b. 1846)
• July 23 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
• August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
• August 24 - Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
• October 30 - Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
• December 12 - Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
• December 13 - Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)

Nobel prizes

• Physics - Robert Andrews Millikan
• Chemistry - Fritz Pregl
• Physiology or Medicine - Frederick Grant Banting, John James Richard Macleod
• Literature - William Butler Yeats
• Peace - Not awarded

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